What is the science of mentorship;(inc. pros/cons of formal vs. informal) What is mentorship; who is a mentor; what the roles are; expected outcome

The topic of this project is to understand the importance of mentorship within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), specifically the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). What is the science of mentorship” (inc. pros/cons of formal vs. informal)
What is mentorship; who is a mentor; what the roles are; expected outcome and lastly formalize the mentor/mentee relationship (fixed term; defined boundaries and expectations)