How do the authoritarian regimes of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan utilize tribalism to weaken the emergence of a united opposition within the population?

Political and Social Tribalism in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

The research question is

How do the authoritarian regimes of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan utilize tribalism to weaken the emergence of a united opposition within the population? Expand another 2 pages on the literary review, Then, continue exploring the research question and finishing the entire paper.