Online final exam
25.Review differences between Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism) versus Addison’s disease (adrenocortical insufficiency) Cushing’s Syndrome- excessive glucocorticoids. Caused due to pituitary tumor. Swelling due to fluid retention, hyperglycemia. Hypertension, edema, hypernatremia, moon face- fat on posterior neck- buffalo hump. Addison’s disease- adrenocortical insufficiency. Can be caused due to removal of adrenal glands. Fatigue, Bronzing of skin, hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia. Reduced cardiac output. Should not stop steroids suddenly.
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
Personality Changes n HYPF*Femla Moon Face CN5lrritability Soupthility Fat Deposits on Fa. Nit Thin Extremities to In NA & Fluid Retention (Edema) Malec and Back of Shoulders/ /I GI Distress cid 1111/11 14) frmArtnorrhea, Hirsutism (Purple Thin Skin rple Striae Bruises & Petechise
ADDISON’S DISEASE Arirenocortical Insufficiency
26.Review the differences between clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. What labs can be drawn to determine if an individual is suffering from a thyroid disorder? Hypothyroidism- common cause- hashimoto or autoimmune thyroiditis. Bradycardia, slow metabolism-weight gain and feels cold, tired and sluggish, dry skin, poor hair and nail growth. Iodine deficiency (required for T3/T4 formation) Leads to lack of T3/T4, stimulates TSH secretion, Increased TSH causes thyroid cells to secrete large amounts of thyroglobulin, which leads to goiter. Hyperthyroidism-tachycardia, diarrhea, tremors, lose weight rapidly, bulging of eyes.
27.Review the difference between Type 1 diabetes versus Type 2 diabetes Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Typically diagnosed in young children/adolescents. Autoimmune disorder — beta cells in pancreas destroyed. Unable to produce insulin. Insulin dependent. Type 2 diabetes mellitus- Cells become resistant to insulin, decrease insulin receptors on target cells. Overtime insulin production by pancreas decreases. Gestational diabetes-Hormones produced during pregnancy inhibit effects of insulin