1)Why are burn victims more susceptible to bacterial infections than the average person?
Burn victims tend to be older and less healthy even prior to their burn injury | ||||||||||||||
Burn victims tend to be immobilized and the lack of movement can lead to infection | ||||||||||||||
Treatment for burns includes immuno suppressive drugs | ||||||||||||||
Barriers are a critical part of innate immunity, and barriers are disrupted in burn victims | ||||||||||||||
2) | How are ESKAPE pathogens different from other pathogens?
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3) Which of the following characteristics led to a patient being EXCLUDED from the study?
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4) Which of the following characteristics led to a patient being EXCLUDED from the study?
The patient was immunodeficient | ||
The patient was over the age of 65 | ||
The patient had burns over a total body surface area greater than 70% | ||
The patient arrived at the hospital within 48 hours after the burn |
5) Where were the most common sites of infection from which samples were isolated?
Blood | ||
Catheters | ||
Wound secretions | ||
Urine
6) What category of pathogen was most commonly found in burn victim infections? |
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Gram negative bacteria | ||
Gram positive bacteria | ||
Fungi | ||
Commensal |
7) Were all of the top 5 gram negative and top 3 gram positive infections ESKAPE pathogens?
Yes | ||
No | ||
They could not determine |
8) What percentage of the strains of pathogens isolated from burn patient infections were ESKAPE pathogens?
20.5% | ||
28.9% | ||
47.5% | ||
52.2% |
9) What percentage of the S. aureus isolated from burn victims was resistant to ampicillin?
28.7% | ||
51.4% | ||
60% | ||
100% |
10) Based on Table 2, what drug would have been the MOST effective at treatin the MOST strains of P. aeruginosa?
Cefepime | ||
Imipenem | ||
Tetracycline | ||
Aztreonam |
11) Looking over Tables 1 and 2, which pathogens have NO natural resistance to any of the tested drugs?
E. faecium | ||
A. baumannii | ||
S. aureus | ||
Enterobacter species | ||
12) What are aacA-aphD, aph3ʹIII, aphA3, ermB and tetM ?
Strains of antibiotic resistant E. faecalis | ||||||||||||||
Non-ESKAPE pathogens found in burn victim infections | ||||||||||||||
The antibiotics to which the most ESKAPE pathogens are suseptible | ||||||||||||||
Genes that allow for a pathogen to be antibiotic resistant
13) What was true of burn victims with ESKAPE pathogen infections compared to non-ESKAPE pathogen infections?
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14) What percentage of people tend to die from burn injury?
0.000011% | ||
0.0011% | ||
0.11% | ||
1.1% |
15) Was the the most problematic (prevelant and resistant) gram negative ESKAPE pathogen?
Acinetobacter baumannii | ||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
Staphylococcus aureus |
16) Share in one sentence what you think that most important new finding in this paper was. New findings will be specific things that the researchers tested, and will not be cited facts.
17) Imagine that you were given all of the samples and the associated data that had been collected from the burn victims infection. In just a few sentences, what would you want to test that they did not examine?