How can you use the scientific method to find and address possible problems in your research design?

The scientific method allows us to pose questions, test questions, and analyze results. Through observation and research we begin to understand the world around us. Consider research you have read about or been a part of and analyze the following in one page:

Was the Scientific method followed? How?
What pieces were or were not part of it? (Randomization, study type, placebos, etc.)

For the second part, present a research project you would like to propose in approximately one page.

How can it help us learn about basic principles of behavior?
How can you use the scientific method to find and address possible problems in your research design?