Online final exam
21.Review disorders of the joints including: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and gout. Know causes and signs/symptoms for each. rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune- affects small joints due to inflammation in them. Bone cysts and fissures. osteoarthritis-aging process, use and overuse of joints. psoriatic arthritis- linked with psoriasis- genetic cause NSAIDS gout- uric acid excess in blood causes crystals and these crystals gets stuck in joints and causes pain. Medications to reduce uric acid treats gout.
22.Review endocrine disorders of the pituitary gland including: gigantism, dwarfism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, SIADH gigantism- childhood- excessive amount of growth hormone- lengthwise increase. Acromegaly- adulthood, excessive amount of growth hormone, widthwise increase. Dwarfism- lack of GH, short height. Diabetes insipidus- lack of ADH- very dilute urine in large amounts, no fluids= hypovolemia, electrolytes increase. Dehydration and extreme thirst. Dizziness, disorientation, rapid heart rate and headaches. SIADH-excessive ADH- water retention, oliguria, cone urine. Hyponatremia can lead to cerebral edema.
DI SIADH
• Low ADH, Low water in body
• High UO, Bots
• High sodium
• High H&H and serum osmolality from dehydration
• Risk: Hypovolemic shock • TX: DDAVP (ADH)
• High ADH, water intoxication
• Low UO, Oliguria
• Low sodium (dilutional)
• Low serum osmolality
• Weight gain
• Risk: Seizures
• TX: Hypertonic saline
23.Review which organisms/viruses contribute to the following conditions: pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, UTIs, herpes, syphilis Pelvic Inflammatory disease- caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis,- linaidiranggrailat (diagnosed by papsmear), UTIS- E. coli , herpes (type II)- herpes simplex virus, syphilis- Treponema pallidum
24.What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Which electrolyte is primarily affected by PTH disorders? PTH- increase Ca in blood and decrease Ca in bones. Calcitonin- decrease Ca in blood and increase bring it back to the bones. Calcitonin is produced by thyroid gland.