What do Alf Gunvald Nilsen and Laurence Cox mean, in your words, by movements from above-below? Any examples?

Discussion 2 ANT READ THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING What do Alf Gunvald Nilsen and Laurence Cox mean, in your words, by movements from above and below? Any examples? Name and elaborate on at least three central features of social movements from the perspective of the late sociologist Colin Barker.