In The Portable American Realism Reader (Penguin 1977) James Nagel writes about “the dominant theme in Naturalism of pessimistic Determinism, the notion that characters are the victims of Promethean [gargantuan, let’s say] forces of heredity, society, and a hostile nature, powers outside the control of the protagonists…” (xxviii). Nagel goes on to say that “Naturalistic […]